Subclinical ketosis risk prediction in dairy cows based on prepartum metabolic indices / [Previsão do risco de cetose subclínica em vacas de leite, baseado nos índices metabólicos pré-parto]

Ketosis can seriously impair cow performance. This study detected changes in prepartum blood metabolic parameters for predicting postpartum ketosis occurrence in dairy cows. Body condition score (BCS) was assessed before and after delivery. Blood samples of 63 cows were collected from 10 days before calving to 10 days after calving to measure metabolic parameters including ß-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose (GLU), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). There was a postpartum subclinical ketosis incidence of 42.25%. Compared with prepartum, plasma, levels of BHBA, AST, and NEFA significantly increased postpartum, and prepartum AST (R=0.57) and NEFA (R=0.45) showed a significant positive correlation with ketosis postpartum. Plasma GLU level significantly decreased postpartum and was significantly negatively correlated with ketosis (R=-0.21). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed prepartum BSC < 2.88, and prepartum plasma AST > 68.0 U/L, GLU < 3.97mmol/L, NEFA > 0.27mmol/L, and BHBA > 0.43mmol/L, indicating a high risk of subclinical ketosis postpartum. These levels can be used as risk indicators to predict the occurrence of subclinical ketosis in postpartum cows.(AU)

A cetose pode trazer sérios prejuízos ao desempenho da vaca. Este estudo detectou alterações nos parâmetros metabólicos do sangue pré-parto para prever a cetose pós-parto que ocorre em vacas leiteiras. O escore de condição corporal (ECC) foi avaliado antes e após o parto. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 63 vacas entre 10 dias antes e 10 dias após o parto para medir os parâmetros metabólicos, incluindo ácido ß-hidroxibutírico (BHBA), ácido graxo não esterificado (NEFA), glicose (GLU), bilirrubina total (TBIL), bilirrubina direta (DBIL), bilirrubina indireta (IBIL), proteína total (TP), albumina (ALB), globulina (GLO), alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST). Houve uma incidência de cetose subclínica pós-parto de 42,25%. Em comparação com o pré-parto, o plasma, os níveis de BHBA, AST e NEFA aumentaram significativamente no pós-parto, e AST no pré-parto (R = 0,57) e NEFA (R = 0,45) mostraram uma correlação significativa positiva com cetose pós-parto. O nível plasmático de GLU diminuiu significativamente no pós-parto e foi negativamente correlacionado com a cetose de forma significativa (R = -0,21). A análise da curva característica de operação do receptor revelou BSC pré-parto <2,88 e AST plasmático pré-parto> 68,0 U / L, GLU <3,97mmol / L, NEFA> 0,27mmol / L e BHBA> 0,43mmol / L, indicando um alto risco de cetose subclínica pós-parto. Esses níveis podem ser usados ​​como indicadores de risco para prever a ocorrência de cetose subclínica em vacas no pós-parto.(AU)

Niveles plasmáticos de mieloperoxidasa y proteína C reactiva en conejos machos en Nueva Zelanda expuestos a una dieta hiperlipidémica / Plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase and C reactive protein in male New Zealand rabbits, exposed to a hyperlipidemic diet

La Mieloperoxidasa (MPO) y la Proteína C Reactiva (PCR) han sido implicados en la fisiopatología de la aterosclerosis. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las concentraciones plasmáticas de MPO y PCR y su relación con la formación de ateromas en conejos. Se estudiaron 23 conejos machos Nueva Zelanda: Grupo 1: conejarina y verdura; Grupo 2: Huevo y conejarina. El periodo experimental duró 13 semanas. Se determinó perfil lipídico por métodos enzimáticos, MPO por ELISA y PCR por turbidimetría en 0 13va semana. Se realizó estudio histológico de aorta. Los resultados revelaron que la PCR se elevó en el grupo 2 al final del estudio (p<0,05). No se observó diferencias en MPO en el grupo 2 en el estudio. En cuanto a los ateromas se evidenciaron lesiones tipo I y II en los conejos del grupo 2. En conclusión, se encontró que la PCR y no la MPO son marcadores de aterosclerosis según nuestras condiciones experimentales.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been implicated in atherosclerosis. The objective of the present study was to determine plasma concentration MPO and CRP and its relationship of formation of aortic lesions in rabbits. 23 male New Zealand rabbits were study: Group 1: “conejarina” (commercial rabbit food) and vegetables; Group 2: egg and conejarina. The experiment lasted 13 weeks. Lipid profile was done by enzymatic methods, MPO by ELISA, and PCR by turbidimetry in weeks 0 and 13. Histological study of rabbits’ aorta was done. Results revealed that in group 2 CRP increased at final study (p <0.05). No differences were observed in MPO values in the experiment. Regarding atheroma, group 2 presented type I and II lesions. In conclusion only CRP is marker of atherosclerosis according to our experimental conditions.

Comparison of a small volume of hypertonic saline solution and dextran 40 on hemodynamic alternations in conscious calves

The hemodynamic effects of rapid intravenous (IV) administration of 10% dextran 40 in saline solution (D40) and 7.2% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in calves were compared. Calves received isotonic saline solution (ISS), HSS or D40 (3 calves/group) and were monitored of blood pressure, and cardiac output (CO) for 180 min. HSS and D40 infusions induced a significant increase in relative plasma volume reaching 134.9 +/- 2.8 and 125.0 +/- 1.9%, respectively at the end of fluid infusion. In the HSS group, CO, cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume (SV) remained constant at low levels after 90 minutes despite the maximal values of CO, CI and SV at the end of infusion, reaching 21.0 +/- 6.3 l/min (p<0.05), 177.8 +/- 14.2 ml/min/kg (p < 0.001) and 0.20 +/- 0.03 l/beat (at t = 10 min, p < 0.001), respectively. In contrast, CI and SV in the D40 group showed significant increases to 14.7 +/- 2.9 l/min and 153.5 +/- 17.2 ml/min/kg, respectively, at the end of fluid infusion. And those values remained constant at higher levels than those of the before infusions values throughout the experimental periods. Positive effects for hemodynamic alternations of D40 in calf practice were milder and longer than those of HSS. Therefore, the D40 infusion should be explored as a possible treatment for dehydrated calves, since rapid infusion of D40 may be safe and more beneficial for rehydrating more than HSS treatment.